Why Cairo is the Capital of Egypt: An Insight into Its Historical and Strategic Significance
Introduction to Cairo's Historical Background
Cairo's journey to becoming the capital of Egypt is a story of political, military, and economic shifts over centuries. The first capital, Alexandria, was initially preferred due to its proximity to the Hellenic world. However, due to its vulnerability to Roman raids, a new capital, Fustat, was established, which later evolved into modern-day Cairo.
Why Cairo Was Not Alexandria
Alexandria to Cairo
When Arabs first set foot in Egypt, Alexandria served as the capital due to its strategic location. However, the city's susceptibility to repeated Roman raids necessitated the foundation of a new city for strategic reasons, leading to the birth of Fustat. This new city eventually became Cairo, which is now the capital of Egypt.
Egypt's Progress and the Rise of Cairo
The Growth of Cairo
Cairo's rise to prominence can be traced back to the 10th century, when it was leading the way in population growth. During Saladin's time, Cairo had approximately 600,000 inhabitants, significantly contributing to its status as a major hub. Before the foundation of Alexandria, Memphis, located near Cairo, was the capital of numerous Egyptian dynasties.
The Founding of Cairo
Establishment of Cairo
The city of Cairorsquo;s establishment is attributed to the Fatimid Commander, Jawhar al-Sakuli, who conquered Egypt during the reign of the 4th Fatimid Caliph, Muizz I'Din Al-Fatami. This occurred in 971 and was completed in 973. However, the nearby city of Al-Askar served as the capital before this period. The prominent governor was Ahmed Ibn Tulun, whose mosque still stands in the district that is part of Greater Cairo today. Al-Fustat, a military camp city established by Amr Ibn Al As in 641 AD, was also a significant city in the region before Cairo.
Strategic Location and Evolution
Strategic Importance of Cairo
The strategic location of Alexandria is closer to the Hellenic world and Greek city states, while Cairo is closer to the heart of the Islamic world. Throughout most of history, the capital was located around where Cairo is today. This choice of location made strategic sense for defense and administration purposes.
However, despite its historical importance, Cairo is often criticized for being a massive overcrowded city. Although it has faced challenges over the years, its significance and growth have made it the focal point of political and cultural life in Egypt.
In conclusion, Cairo's rise to the status of Egyptrsquo;s capital was the result of both strategic and historical factors. From Fustat to modern-day Cairo, the city has evolved, but its importance remains unchallenged.