Why Alaska and Hawaii are States and Not Territories

Both Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states in 1959, marking significant changes in their status from territories. This transition was influenced by a combination of historical, political, and economic factors. Understanding these factors can provide valuable insights into why Alaska and Hawaii are now recognized as full states within the United States.

Requirements for Statehood

The process of becoming a state is governed by certain requirements. These include:

A full functioning territorial government must be established. The majority of the territory's population must support statehood through a referendum. A majority of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate must approve the statehood bill. The President must sign the bill passed by both chambers of Congress.

Alaska's Journey to Statehood

Alaska, like Hawaii, had a long path before becoming a state.

Purchase and Settlement

Alaska's history began in 1867 when the United States purchased the territory from Russia for $7.2 million. Although Alaska was initially a territory, the discovery of gold and other resources led to a massive influx of settlers and miners. These events significantly increased interest in statehood.

World War II and Strategic Importance

During World War II, Alaska's strategic location became apparent. The country invested heavily in military infrastructure and presence in the region. This period solidified Alaska's importance to the U.S. and further fueled the movement for statehood.

Statehood Movement

The post-war period saw a strong and determined movement for statehood. Alaskans sought representation and rights similar to those of other states. Their efforts culminated in Alaska becoming the 49th state on January 3, 1959.

Hawaii's Statehood Journey

Hawaii's path to statehood was also marked by unique historical events and economic considerations.

Annexation and Economic Interests

Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898. The annexation was largely driven by economic interests, particularly in sugar production. The U.S. also established a naval base at Pearl Harbor, enhancing its military significance.

Territorial Status

During the early 20th century, Hawaii was designated a territory. Despite this, there was a persistent push for statehood. This movement was fueled by the desire for self-governance and representation for the islands' residents.

Post-War Statehood Movement

After World War II, the push for Hawaiian statehood gained significant momentum. The population of Hawaii desired equality and full rights as citizens of the United States. Their efforts finally paid off when Hawaii became the 50th state on August 21, 1959.

Conclusion

Both Alaska and Hawaii transitioned from territories to states due to their strategic importance, resource potential, and the desire of their residents for representation and governance. The statehood movements in both regions were influenced by historical events, economic factors, and the evolving political landscape of the United States in the mid-20th century.

These journeys highlight the complex process of adding new territories to the United States and the unique challenges each region faced in gaining full statehood status.