Understanding the Reasons Behind Belfast’s Divides: Walls and Segregation
At first glance, it might seem odd to see walls and fences in a place where all inhabitants are believed to be Irish people. However, the situation in Belfast reveals a complex socio-political history and religious divide. This article explores the reasons behind these divides and the history that has shaped Belfast's landscape.
The Historical Context of Belfast’s Segregation
The Peace Walls in Belfast were constructed with the objective of reducing access to volatile individuals on both sides of the divide. These walls are not mere physical barriers but manifestations of a long-standing conflict rooted in identity, religion, and political aspirations.
On one side of the Peace Wall, we find a predominantly Protestant population who view themselves as British citizens and wish to remain part of the Union with London and the UK. On the other side, mainly comprising Catholics, there is a strong desire to be part of a unified Ireland. The success of these walls in preventing violence and rioting is evident in the numerous videos documenting the chaos that arises when the boundaries are crossed.
Rioting and Gangs: A Global Issue
While there can be an excuse for schoolyard fights based on territorial supremacy, the conflict in Belfast is often rooted in religion. Regardless, the underlying issue is often a struggle for identity and power. The Protestant community, known as Orangemen, has historically demonstrated a strong resistance to change as seen in the anti-Home Rule sentiments in the early 20th century.
In Belfast, this tension can escalate into violent confrontations, leading to the erection of these physical barriers. Yet, it is worth noting that by global standards, Belfast remains relatively peaceful. Other regions, such as certain areas of Nigeria, have faced more extreme forms of religious and ethnic violence, including ambushes, killings, and even cannibalism.
The Formation and Purpose of the State of Northern Ireland
The state of Northern Ireland was established in 1921 following intense resistance to Home Rule. Home Rule, a system of limited self-governance, was granted to all of Ireland, but the Protestant majority in the north vehemently opposed it. The British Government, fearing a civil war, decided to create a separate entity within Ireland, aiming to maintain a Protestant majority.
During this period, Northern Ireland experienced a period of institutionalised discrimination against Catholics. This included denial of voting rights, unequal access to jobs and housing, and exclusion from cultural and sporting opportunities. Catholics were often treated as second-class citizens, a testament to the deeply ingrained nature of the divide.
The Consequences of a Segregated Society
Decades of segregation and discrimination have fostered a divided society where many Protestants and Catholics report not having friends from the opposing religion. This division is particularly palpable in major cities like Belfast and Derry, where political, sporting, and cultural interests are often delineated along religious lines.
Protestants tend to align with British traditions, such as rugby and hockey, and adopt British symbols and flags. On the other hand, Catholics largely embrace Irish cultural and sporting interests, highlighting the deep-seated divide in identity and allegiance.
Conclusion and Reflection
The construction of walls and fences in Belfast is not unique or unusual, especially when considering the legacy of British post-colonial areas. While these barriers serve to prevent violence and chaos, they also symbolise a society that struggles to transcend its divisions.
As we move forward, it is crucial to address the underlying socio-political issues and strive for a more unified and progressive society in Northern Ireland. The walls may be temporary, but the barriers they represent are deeply ingrained in the history and culture of the region.