Understanding Ascension Island: Military Base and its Administrative Status
Often shrouded in mystery and surrounded by interest, Ascension Island stands as a unique case within the British Overseas Territories (BOTs). This 31.6-square-mile (82 square kilometers) islandrsquo;s administrative and military status have often raised questions. Why does Ascension Island not have a military base, and why is it not considered an integral part of the United Kingdom like other British overseas territories, despite being encompassed as part of Saint Helena?
Why Ascension Island Lacks a Permanent Military Base
The concept of colonization in Ascension Island has been effectively ruled out due to the Antarctic Treaty of November 30, 1959. This international agreement, which includes 53 signatories, explicitly prohibits the occupation of Antarctica and promotes the continent as a zone for peaceful and international scientific research. As such, the idea of establishing a military base on Ascension, situated far from such restrictions, seems more a question of strategic necessity than legal feasibility. While Antarctica requires adherence to specific guidelines, Ascension Island, though distant and inhospitable, offers strategic advantages in military logistics.
Additionally, the cold and harsh climate of Antarctica makes it an unsuitable environment for most human activities, whereas Ascension enjoys a more moderate climate. Given these factors, the establishment of a permanent military base on Ascension is not only unnecessary but also not in line with the practical considerations dictated by the environment and logistical needs.
The Role of Ascension Island as a Refueling and Resupply Point
While it does not house a permanent military base, Ascension Island does bear significant importance in the context of military logistics. Its strategic position in the South Atlantic provides a valuable refueling and resupply point for ships headed to the Falkland Islands. The presence of a military airfield, known as Wideawake Airfield, has made the island an indispensable stop on various military operations, particularly those involving the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force (RAF) operations in the region.
Ownership and Administration
Despite its operational military importance, Ascension Island is owned by the United Kingdom but leased to the U.S. Government for military use. This unique arrangement is reflective of a broader international understanding and collaboration in defense and aerospace. The island, regarded as part of Saint Helena, is governed as part of the Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha territories, a British Overseas Territory encompassing multiple islands and territories in the South Atlantic.
No Need for a Permanent Military Base
Another factor that contributes to the absence of a permanent military base on Ascension is the availability of an existing base on the Falkland Islands. The Falkland Islands, located roughly 1,286 miles (2,071 kilometers) away from Ascension, offer ample space and resources for those military operations that require a permanent presence. With two wings of the RAF based there, the Falklands serve the strategic needs of the British military, making an additional military base on Ascension redundant. This strategic positioning ensures that the military can meet all its needs without the establishment of a second base on Ascension.
Conclusion
Ascension Island stands as an enigmatic feature of the South Atlantic, balanced between its military and administrative roles. Its decision to eschew a permanent military base stands as a testament to strategic considerations and international cooperation. While it lacks its own military base, it remains a crucial part of the UKrsquo;s global defense and naval logistical support system, particularly through its vital resupply and refueling role for operations in the Falkland Islands area.