The Volga River: Source, History, and Impact
The Volga River is the national river of Russia, with significant cultural, historical, and natural importance. Known for its rich folklore and literature, the Volga remains a vital waterway, covering approximately 2,294 miles (3,700 km) and serving as the backbone of much of Russia's central region. This article delves into the source, history, and impact of the Volga River, providing a comprehensive guide for those interested in this expansive waterway.
Where Does the Volga River Begin and End?
The Volga River, a symbol of Russian national pride, originates in the Valdai Hills, located approximately 738 feet (225 meters) above sea level, northwest of Moscow. This area serves as the starting point for the longest river in Europe, which flows generally southward to the Caspian Sea. The river network is so extensive that it is connected to various other water bodies through canals and tributaries, including the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Black Sea, accounting for roughly 60% of its water supply.
The Source of the Volga River
The source of the Volga River is in the Valdai Hills, a picturesque region northwestern of Moscow. Here, a monument has been erected to protect and preserve the natural source from human interference and pollution. The river, fed by over 200 tributaries, encompasses three main sections: the Upper, Middle, and Lower Volga. These divisions are based on the elevation, with the Upper Volga being the highest and the Lower being the lowest towards the Caspian Sea. The river's journey is filled with historical and cultural significance, contributing to the rich tapestry of Russian identity.
Tributaries of the Volga River
The Volga River's influence extends far beyond its main course, with two significant tributaries, the Kama and the Oka, playing crucial roles. The Kama River, originating in Udmurtia at 1,180 feet (360 meters) above sea level, is the larger of the two, covering a distance of 1,122 miles (1,805 km) before merging with the Volga. The Oka River, on the other hand, begins in Oryol Oblast at 741 feet (226 meters) above sea level, flowing for 932 miles (1,500 km) before joining the Volga from the right bank. Other notable tributaries include the Vetluga and Sura Rivers, which contribute to the river's extensive network.
Interesting Facts About the Volga River
The Volga River is not just a significant waterway but also a fascinating complex system. A notable fact is that a considerable section of the river freezes for three months each winter, which, while making navigation difficult, creates opportunities for winter sports like skiing. The river's water supply is derived from both the melting of snow in the highlands and the numerous tributaries that contribute to its flow. Interestingly, despite the numerous tributaries, the river's speed is relatively slow due to the many dams and reservoirs constructed along its path, totaling 10 dams and eight reservoirs aimed at providing electricity and facilitating irrigation. In some sections, the river is so wide that it is impossible to see the far side.