The Safety of Flying: Understanding Engine Failure on Commercial Planes
Engine Failures in Commercial Aviation: A Rare Occurrence
The chances of engine failure on a commercial airplane are extremely low. According to data from the aviation industry, the rate of engine failure is about 0.01 to 0.03 per flight, meaning that it occurs in approximately 1 in 10000 to 1 in 30000 flights. This statistic exemplifies the rigorous standards and safety measures implemented in modern commercial aviation.
Modern commercial aircraft are designed with multiple redundant systems, including multiple engines. Most have at least two engines, which allows them to operate safely even if one engine fails. In the event of an engine failure, pilots are trained to handle the situation effectively and can often land safely at the nearest airport. This high level of safety is a testament to the advancements in aircraft design and the strict maintenance protocols.
Overall, air travel remains one of the safest modes of transportation. With rigorous maintenance, safety protocols, and continuous technological advancements, the chances of an engine failure leading to a crash are extremely low.
Common Causes of Small Plane Crashes
While commercial aviation has an excellent safety record, small private planes can face various challenges that may lead to crashes. Small plane crashes occur around twenty times a year, which is enough to impact the life insurance premiums for private pilots. Typically, these crashes happen because the pilot makes a mistake or ignores crucial safety protocols. Here are some common examples:
1. Wrong Carburetor Setting for Takeoff
A wrong carburetor setting can significantly affect an aircraft's performance and safety during takeoff. Ensuring the correct settings is crucial for a smooth and controlled takeoff.
2. Wrong Flaps/Aileron Setting for Takeoff/Landing
Using incorrect flap or aileron settings for takeoff or landing can lead to serious safety issues. Proper settings are essential for optimal performance and control.
3. Insufficient Fuel
Running out of fuel is one of the most critical and preventable issues in aviation. Pilots must carefully manage fuel levels to avoid mid-air emergencies.
4. Ignored Adverse Weather Conditions
Encountering icing, wind shear, or Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) conditions without proper precautions can be dangerous. Ignoring these conditions can compromise the safety of both the plane and the passengers.
5. Mis-loaded Aircraft
An aircraft that is incorrectly balanced or overloaded can experience significant performance issues. Weight and balance calculations must be precise to maintain stability and control.
6. Mechanical Failure
Mechanical failures can happen due to various factors, including wear and tear, maintenance issues, or design flaws. Regular maintenance and inspections are critical to prevent unexpected mechanical failures.
Engine Durability and Reliability
Most modern jet engines are built to exceed 1 IFSD (In-Flight Shutdown) per 100000 hours of engine flight time to meet ETDO/ETOPS certification requirements. For instance, GE Aviation claims that its GE90 high-bypass turbofan engine exceeds 1 IFSD / 1000000 engine flight hours. This highlights the advanced engineering and reliability of modern turbine engines.
The durability and reliability of modern engines are influenced by the quality of design, maintenance, fuel/oil, and foreign objects. If common causes of failure, such as contaminated fuel, volcanic ash, multiple birds, and ice, are mitigated, the MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) for western-designed turbines can reach 50000 hours. Piston engines, on the other hand, are often less reliable and may experience uncommanded power loss more frequently.
Despite the advancements, maintaining the highest safety standards in aviation requires continuous attention to detail and a commitment to rigorous maintenance and safety protocols. Commercial aviation remains one of the safest modes of transportation, and the industry continually strives to improve safety and reliability.