The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Ownership, Identity, and Current Status
Over the years, the question of who Nagorno-Karabakh belongs to has been a topic of intense debate. The region has seen various changes in control, influenced by political, historical, and ethnic factors.
Ownership and Recognition
Armenia recognized Nagorno-Karabakh, also known as Artsakh, as part of Armenia in 2023. However, the situation is complex, with both Armenia and Azerbaijan claiming the region. Historically, the region has been a subject of territorial disputes, reflecting deeper geopolitical tensions.
Historical Context
The modern nation of Armenia is a product of Soviet-era support and re-establishment after the demise of the Ottoman Empire. Before the formation of the Armenian state with Soviet backing, the region had been under a different political and cultural landscape. The churches in Armenia are often referred to as Iravan churches, highlighting the historical and cultural ties with the city of Gyumri.
Christianity played a significant role in shaping the cultural identity of Nagorno-Karabakh, but the region has also faced significant cultural and religious challenges. The Muslim conquest of the territory under Ottoman rule led to the destruction of many Armenian cultural and religious sites, including many churches and cemeteries. This act of cultural destruction was further perpetuated by Azerbaijani forces during the 1990s conflict.
Legal and De Facto Control
The legal status of Nagorno-Karabakh is contested, and it is currently under de facto control by Azerbaijan. According to international recognition, the region is part of Azerbaijan. However, the intense conflict and subsequent de facto control by ethnic Armenian forces during the 1990s complicates the ownership claim.
The situation escalated further in 2020 when Azerbaijan launched a military campaign to regain control of the region. By September 2021, Azerbaijan had effectively controlled most of the Nagorno-Karabakh territory.
It is important to note that while Azerbaijan now controls the vast majority of the region, a small portion still remains under Armenian control. This ongoing situation highlights the complexity and sensitivity of the problem.
Conclusion
The ownership and control of Nagorno-Karabakh reflect a multifaceted political and historical issue. The region's cultural and religious significance, as well as its strategic importance, continue to fuel the debate. The current situation underscores the need for continued diplomatic efforts and a lasting resolution to the conflict.
Note: This topic is subject to ongoing negotiations and could change with future developments.