The Future of Migrant Workers in India: Migration Patterns Post-Lockdown
The decision for migrant workers to return to their hometowns in India after lockdowns is not a simple one. While immediate return is unlikely, the process may gradually unfold as these individuals struggle to find adequate employment and earn in their local areas. As government schemes and public sentiment evolve, the future of these workers and the economy as a whole is a topic of significant concern.
Challenges and Concerns
The decision to return home is heavily influenced by individual circumstances. A worker who has faced poor treatment from both employers and the government may find it justifiable to refuse to return. The resentment resulting from such experiences could devastate or seriously hamper economic growth, and the costs of such neglect would be borne by both the government and the public at large.
Addressing Resentment and Trust
According to various sources, it will take a considerable amount of time—possibly a generation—for workers to recover from the trauma induced by both employers and state betrayal of trust. While some state initiatives are working on schemes to support migrant workers, these measures are not yet implemented effectively. Outward migration might even start earlier if safe assurances are provided.
Challenges in the Job Market
The current economic situation presents significant challenges for both the job market and the individual workers. The skills held by migrant workers will prove crucial, but there will be pressure from family members to prevent them from returning home. This pressure may increase as local job markets fail to offer alternative employment opportunities. The failure of the employers and authorities to recognize the value of these workers' skills and provide adequate accommodations has led to a degraded employment situation.
Government Response and Future Scenarios
UP Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath is working on schemes to address the interests of migrant workers. However, the situation may not improve quickly. Several changes are needed such as the redesign of transportation vehicles, changes in fare structures, the elimination of slums to encourage social distancing, and the shifting of businesses to less crowded regions. Even if no drastic changes occur, the ongoing threat of corona-related illnesses could pose significant risks to these workers.
Skills and Future Prospects
Most of those with some skills will eventually return, driven by familial pressures and the absence of jobs in their native locations. The employers and authorities failed to recognize the significance of these workers as a critical asset and the value of providing them with decent accommodations. Due to these failures, the output quality and quantity may suffer. Moreover, the products and services provided by these workers may struggle to maintain a market share due to the lack of proper infrastructure and training.
Opportunities for Improvement
To prevent such situations in the future, the government and businesses should adopt out-of-the-box thinking. Migrant workers can be effectively housed in rapidly built lodgings, and colonies could be constructed. The skill budget could also be used to provide training through virtual methods, ensuring the workforce remains skilled and adaptable. Such measures would not only help in mitigating current issues but also ensure the workforce is prepared for future challenges.