The Expansion of Westminster and Its Role in London's Growth

Westminster, a name synonymous with power and governance, has a storied history tightly intertwined with that of London. Its development and growth have significantly impacted the evolution of the city. Understanding how Westminster was built as an extension of London requires looking back at the historical context of the area.

Early Settlements and the Role of the Thames

While the Thames was fordable upstream of the Tyburn as early as Roman and Medieval times, the river served as a vital geographical feature for the development of settlements. It is believed that Watling Street crossed the Thames in Roman times, making the area a convenient location for the establishment of a royal palace and monastery.

The West Monastery, located just across the river, was a large estate that was eventually bought by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Over time, this house was converted into what is now known as Lambeth Palace, one of the most important ecclesiastical residences in the country.

Throughout the years, the West Monastery Abbey continued to grow in size, and with the most powerful Church leader residing across the river in Lambeth Palace, Westminster gradually became a significant center of power and influence.

Westminster as a Royal and Parliamentary Seat

From the early 1200s to the middle of the 16th century, Westminster Palace served as the main royal residence in the London area. After a fire in 1512, the palace apartments were moved to a nearby location, leaving the undamaged parts of the palace to be used exclusively by Parliament.

During this period, Westminster was not just a royal palace and an associated abbey; it was also a significant seat of monarchy, parliament, and the church. The proximity to London, where the financial heart of the country was located, made it natural for the space between Westminster and London to be filled in over time.

London's Expansion and the Formation of a Polycentric Conurbation

Understanding the growth of London helps to place Westminster's development in broader historical context. Saxon London was mainly along the Strand, although by the ninth century, the population had resettled the Roman town. However, the town did not expand west of Temple Bar, and a distinct gap existed until the 16th century.

England, with its rich history, has towns and cities that span over a millennium. Westminster and London were initially separate towns, with several other settlements like Southwark, Camden, Walthamstow, Dulwich, and Forest Green also standing a few miles away. As London grew, it subsumed all surrounding settlements, forming a polycentric conurbation.

This gradual merger meant that London's growth was not monolithic but rather a process of consolidation and integration of multiple centers of power and culture. The expansion of Westminster played a crucial role in this transformation, contributing to the overall growth and sophistication of London.

Today, the integration of Westminster into London continues to shape the city's dynamics, from governance to cultural development. For visitors and historians alike, tracing the journey of Westminster from a small settlement to the seat of power it is today offers invaluable insights into the rich tapestry of London's history.