The Debate Over Bullet Trains in India: A Comprehensive Analysis

India's Prime Minister Mr. Modi has prioritized the development of bullet train infrastructure as a means to improve intercity travel and boost economic growth. However, some critics argue that this money should instead be directed towards improving the existing railway network and adding more traditional trains. This article aims to explore the reasons behind Mr. Modi's decision and the arguments for and against bullet trains, ultimately discussing whether the funds dedicated to bullet trains are the wisest allocation of resources.

The Challenges of Trains in India

Trains in India often face numerous challenges, including delays caused by various factors such as fog, unexpected events along the route (such as breakdowns in tracks, overhead equipment, or engines), route congestion, and the infamous chain pulling problem. These issues contribute to the frequent delay and unreliability of the country's rail system.

The Merit of Bullet Trains vs. Traditional Railway Improvements

The proponents of bullet trains argue that these high-speed trains and their associated technologies can coexist with and complement the existing railway network. While bullet trains bring advanced technology and indigenous development, they can also help to enhance the overall quality and punctuality of the railway system. By incorporating modern technologies, the rail system can become more efficient, reducing delays and increasing service reliability for all types of trains.

Necessity and Feasibility of Bullet Trains in India

To implement the bullet train project, India is engaging in significant infrastructure development and a new management culture, which requires a substantial investment. Japan is funding a major portion of the project. The Indian government is responsible for constructing a new facility and adhering to a different set of management practices, which makes the bullet train project more feasible compared to trying to improve the existing railway system.

Additionally, the bullet train project not only addresses the issue of punctuality and speed but also brings significant political capital. This investment showcases the government's commitment to modernizing infrastructure, which can lead to a positive global image and increased international confidence in India’s ability to manage large-scale projects.

Why Motorbikes Over Old Slippers

A metaphorical connection to personal choices, such as buying motorbikes despite using old slippers, illustrates the long-term benefits of prioritizing faster, more efficient travel options. The poor and lower middle class in India use motorbikes to save time and use that time for productive activities. Similarly, investing in bullet trains can help to improve the overall travel experience for millions of Indians, including those who may not always have access to personal vehicles.

The State of Indian Railways: A Closer Look

While Indian Railways (IR) has made significant improvements in various areas, the need for further enhancements is still evident. Passenger trains, in particular, face numerous issues. These trains often lack basic amenities like clean toilets and cushioned seats, and are frequently overcrowded, resulting in a poor travel experience for passengers. The speed of these trains averages only 30 kilometers per hour, and they often get stuck at various locations for hours.

Mail trains, which are intended to provide higher quality services, also fall short in several departments. They are often overcrowded, with poor cleanliness and security issues. Express trains, designed to offer a more premium experience, suffer from similar problems with old, dirty coaches and substandard food services.

Comparison of Train Types in India

The table below provides a comprehensive comparison of different train types in India, illustrating the overall performance in terms of various factors such as safety, cleanliness, punctuality, and availability of tickets.

Train Type Safety Rating Cleanliness Punctuality Cleanliness Inside Platforms Availability of Tickets Overall Rating Passenger Trains 0.5 1.5 -3 2 2 1.5 Mail Trains 1.5 1.5 -3 2 2 1.5 Express Trains 1.5 1.5 -3 2 2 1.5 Duronto-Sampark 1.5 1.5 -3 2 2 1.5 Rajdhani 2 2 -1 2 2 1.5 Shatabdi 2 2 -2 2 2 1.5

Given the low performance ratings for most train types, an investment of 1.08 lakh crore in improving major rail corridors (Delhi-Mumbai, Delhi-Kolkata, Delhi-Chennai, Delhi-Bangalore) may be a more practical and cost-effective solution for India's railways. These corridors represent key economic hubs and would significantly enhance the travel experience for a large portion of the population.

Conclusion

While Mr. Modi's decision to invest in bullet trains aims to modernize India's transportation infrastructure, the arguments in favor of improving traditional rail systems through better management, maintenance, and infrastructure upgrades remain strong. The choice ultimately depends on the priorities and resources available, aiming to maximize improvements in travel conditions for the majority of Indian passengers.