The Aboriginal Inhabitants of Tasmania: Before and After European Settlement
For thousands of years, the Aboriginal people of Tasmania (Lutruwita) inhabited the land before the arrival of European settlers. This article explores the historical context of these aboriginal inhabitants, their interactions with the mainland, the impact of European colonization, and the tragic consequences that followed.
Historical Context and Aboriginal Inhabitants
The Aboriginal people of Tasmania were residents of Lutruwita for over 40,000 years before the 1804 European settlement. In fact, their presence on this land spanned tens of thousands of years, showcasing their deep-rooted connection to the soil and their rich cultural heritage.
Many Aboriginal populations also existed on the mainland, with frequent trade and interaction between the two areas. However, the Bass Strait that separated the two lands around 10,000 years ago made any significant interaction dangerous. The Aborigines lived in greater numbers on the mainland due to the availability of hunting grounds and a warmer climate. They lacked the warm clothing that we have today, making their lifestyle more dependent on the environment.
Surviving in Isolation
When my cousin, a descendant of the original Tasmanian Aboriginal population, shared his experiences, it is clear that the island remained a place of isolation. The indigenous community continued to thrive in Tasmania, demonstrating the resilience and adaptability of these ancient cultures.
Violent Consequences of Colonization
The arrival of Europeans in 1803 marked a dark chapter in the history of Tasmania. The British claimed the island in 1803, naming it Van Diemen's Land (later Tasmania). The effects of this colonization were devastating. The Aboriginal people of Tasmania faced mass violence, with many being killed or displaced from their ancestral lands.
The treatment of Aboriginal people was severe. They were often treated as subhuman, with their hunting grounds and food sources being depleted. Women were attacked, and men were killed. The resistance of the Aboriginal people was met with superior European weaponry and force, leading to a significant decrease in the Palawa population. In just three decades, the number of full-blooded Tasmanian Aboriginal people fell drastically. By 1835, only about 400 full-blooded Tasmanian Aboriginals survived, most of whom were incarcerated in camps. Sadly, by 1847, all but 47 perished in these camps.
Lessons of History
Unfortunately, similar tragedies were common throughout Australia and other countries around the world. The violent treatment of the original inhabitants was not an isolated incident but a widespread phenomenon. This period in history highlights the need for accountability and reconciliation to honor the memory of the lost civilizations and provide justice for their descendants.
The legacy of the Tasmanian Aboriginal people lives on, and it is crucial to acknowledge their historical contributions and the injustices they endured. Their story serves as a reminder that history must inform our present and future actions to promote understanding and social justice.