Protocol for Pilots Facing Upset Engine Conditions During Takeoff or Landing: A Personal Account

In the realm of aviation, unforeseen circumstances can quickly turn a routine flight into a challenging test for pilots. This is especially true during takeoff and landing when the margin for error is slim. A personal experience involving an engine failure while taking off from a small airport in New York highlights the crucial factors pilots must consider and the lifesaving measures they can take to ensure safety.

A Turbulent Takeoff

Back in 1960, at a small independent flight school in the northeastern United States, I was one among many aspiring pilots. The chief instructor, who was also the lead mechanic, was committed to imparting both piloting skills and a thorough understanding of the mechanics of the airplanes we operated. One such lesson encompassed the intricacies of magneto timing and throttle operation. Understanding this fundamental knowledge would prove crucial in a moment that would shape my aviation career permanently.

Engine Deterioration and Its Implications

The magneto timing system is a vital component of an aircraft engine, and its deterioration can lead to engine irregularities. If the timing gear of a magneto starts to wear down, the engine might exhibit running rough or even a complete shutdown. The pilot’s ability to recognize early warning signs and take immediate remedial actions can make a significant difference in safeguarding the flight. In my case, a brief discussion on this topic during training came in handy much later.

The Critical Incident

One wintry day in 1960, flying a Cherokee 140 with my student, we took off from the north runway at Poestenkill, New York. Shortly after takeoff, the engine started to operate abnormally, indicating a problem with the magneto timing. Recognizing the signs early, I switched between the two magnetos—left, both, and then right—while adjusting the throttle. This alternating method was intended to maintain intermittent engine operation, providing enough time to find a suitable landing spot.

Navigating the Challenge

At an altitude of just 300 feet Above Ground Level (AGL), the situation grew increasingly perilous. Normal operating conditions typically allowed us to engage in traffic patterns at an altitude of 500 feet. Given the limited airspeed (ranging from 70 to 80 MPH) during engine spurts, finding a clear and safe landing area became the primary concern. The area around the airport was filled with traffic and agricultural machinery, further complicating the situation.

The Unfailing Landing

Adversely, all my training kicked in as I maneuvered the aircraft back into the traffic pattern. After several abortive attempts, the engine faltered for the last time, halting completely. The low altitude and engine status demanded a precise landing. We touched down safely on the runway we had just departed from, ensuring that the plane remained intact. Following the landing, we towed the aircraft off the runway to the ramp for a thorough inspection.

Diagnostic and Aftermath

The aircraft mechanic, upon inspection, discovered that the timing gear on both magnetos had deteriorated severely. Despite the engine failure, the airplane remained undamaged, and my student felt relieved. Interestingly, the incident resulted in a notable weight loss, thanks to the effort involved in the sustained flight under challenging conditions.

Conclusion: The Value of Preparation

This experience underscores the importance of understanding the mechanics of the aircraft and the critical protocols for handling abnormal engine conditions. It demonstrates the invaluable role of comprehensive training and the critical importance of being prepared for unexpected scenarios in aviation. Seventeen years later, the lesson imparted during that initial training session made a significant difference in my approach to piloting and the safety of my student and the aircraft.