Why is Iran Much Warmer Than Turkey?
Iran and Turkey, both countries with rich cultural and historical legacies, differ significantly in their average winter temperatures. Iran, with an average temperature of 18.25°C (64.85°F), tends to be much warmer than Turkey, which averages at 9.90°C (49.82°F). But why is this the case, and how does geography, climate, and topography play a role?
Geographical Location and Climate Types
The geographical differences between Iran and Turkey contribute significantly to their climate disparities. The latitude of Iran, which is generally further south than Turkey, results in warmer temperatures. Iran is also characterized by a landscape that includes high plateaus and mountain ranges such as the Zagros Mountains, particularly the central plateau, which is predominantly arid or semi-arid. These conditions contribute to higher temperatures in the lowlands.
In contrast, Turkey has a more diverse climate, with coastal regions experiencing Mediterranean climates, and inland areas having a continental climate. This diversity results in milder temperatures overall. The presence of several seas, including the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black Seas, influences Turkey's climate, leading to more moderated temperatures in coastal areas.
Topography and Ocean Influence
The topography of both countries affects climate patterns. Mountains can block warm air and create cooler conditions, especially in interior regions. In Turkey, the mountains play a crucial role in creating cooler conditions in the interior. However, in Iran, the topography includes vast arid and semi-arid regions, which contribute to higher temperatures.
The oceanic influence is another key factor. Turkey is significantly influenced by the seas, which moderate temperatures and contribute to a milder climate, particularly in coastal areas. Iran, on the other hand, lacks substantial oceanic influence, leading to more extreme temperatures.
Conclusion
In summary, the warmer average temperature in Iran compared to Turkey can be attributed to its geographical location, arid climate, and topographical features. While parts of Iran are indeed deserts, the country as a whole has a variety of climates. The significant arid regions contribute to its higher average temperatures. Iran’s deserts, however, are not the only picture. The country also has vast areas of jungle, mountains, and seas, which contribute to its reputation for good weather.
Maps and satellite images provide a vivid representation of the contrast between Iran’s deserts and its diverse regions. Iran's near-similarity in latitude with Saudi Arabia highlights its varied terrain. Meanwhile, 1/3 of Iran's landmass is desert, but these uninhabited areas are not suitable for agriculture. In contrast, Turkey has dry lands, which can be transformed into fertile areas with proper irrigation, such as in the case of Karapinar desert, covering only 130 km2 or 16/100,000 of Turkey's total land area.