Comparing the Westernization and Liberalism of Baku and Istanbul: An In-Depth Analysis
When comparing the cities of Baku and Istanbul, one often finds that Istanbul is generally perceived as more westernized and liberal. However, it is important to delve deeper to understand both the unique characteristics and the broader political landscapes that influence these perceptions.
Cultural Diversity
Istanbul: Istanbul stands as a melting pot of cultures with a rich history of interactions between the East and West. This cultural diversity manifests in its vibrant arts scene, diverse nightlife, and a plethora of international influences. The city attracts a mix of artists, intellectuals, and expatriates, contributing to its dynamic and cosmopolitan atmosphere.
Baku: Baku, while also modernizing rapidly, retains a more traditional cultural landscape. Despite the influence of both Eastern and Western elements, Baku still clings to its cultural roots, particularly in social norms and family structures. This is partly due to the country's cultural and historical context as a former part of the Soviet Union and Central Asia, which has imbued the city with a distinct identity.
Social Norms
Istanbul: The city is known for its more liberal social norms, especially in terms of fashion, lifestyle, and public behavior. It has a thriving LGBTQ community, with many organizations and events that celebrate diversity. Istanbul's attitude towards these norms reflects its openness to modernity and international influences.
Baku: Baku, on the other hand, is generally more conservative. There are fewer visible LGBTQ rights and events in Baku compared to Istanbul. The city's social norms are heavily influenced by local traditions and religious beliefs, which can be more restrictive in certain aspects. However, it is important to note that Baku does not claim to be a westernized city, and its inhabitants embrace their own way of liberality.
Education and Economy
Istanbul: Istanbul is a major educational and economic hub, home to numerous universities and a diverse mix of international businesses and expatriates. This influx contributes to the city's cosmopolitan character and its more liberal mindset.
Baku: Baku's recent modernization and economic growth have also brought changes, but the city still faces challenges in terms of openness. The government's approach to education and economic development is less focused on adopting Western models, reflecting a more traditional and authoritarian approach in many aspects of social and political life.
Authoritarian Regimes and Human Freedom
Both Baku and Istanbul are situated in countries with backward authoritarian regimes, which can impact the degree of westernization and liberalism. Azerbaijan, where Baku is located, is ranked 116th and Turkey, where Istanbul is located, is ranked 119th in the Human Freedom Index. These rankings reflect the presence of restrictions on freedoms and less public expression of liberal ideas.
Personal Experiences and Observations
Based on personal experiences and observations, Istanbul indeed has a more European vibe, particularly because part of the city is located in Southeast Europe. The city's infrastructure, nightlife, fashion, and architecture all contribute to this European feel. In contrast, Baku, while modernizing, retains a Soviet and Central Asian character, with fewer colorful aspects and a different style of urban life.
Both cities have their unique characteristics, but Istanbul's openness to diversity and international influences contributes to a more liberal social and cultural landscape. However, both cities are still working towards greater freedom and openness, influenced by their respective political and cultural contexts.
Keywords: westernized city, Istanbul, Baku, liberal city, cultural diversity