Why Bangkok is called Krung Thep in Thailand
The capital of Thailand, Bangkok, is more than just a street sign or a tourist attraction; it's a city steeped in history and culture. While many outside of Thailand refer to it as Bangkok, those within the country understand it by another name entirely—Krung Thep Maha Nakhon.
Origins of Krung Thep Maha Nakhon
The correct name for Bangkok, as officially recognized by the Thai language, is Krung Thep Maha Nakhon. This name was given by King Rama I when he established the new capital in 1782, replacing the old capital city known as Krung Thonburi.
Tracing the Evolution of the City
The city of Bangkok has not always been chosen as the capital by Siam’s kings. Sukhothai and Ayutthaya were the first two capitals before the move to Krung Thonburi.
Following the destructive Burmese invasions, King Rama I decided to move the capital to the other side of the Chao Phraya River. He called the new city Rattanakosin Island, a term that literally translates to an island surrounded by canals. This decision proved to be a strategic one, offering greater potential for growth and stability.
Diving Deeper: The Official Name
Officially, the name of the city is Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, which, in English, means “City of Angels.” This name is derived from Sanskrit and was given by King Rama I in 1782. King Rama IV, also known as King Mongkut, later revised this name to its current form. However, the shortened version, Bangkok, has been on the lips of non-Thais for centuries and remains an integral part of the city's identity.
Enduring Legacy of Bangkok
Bangkok, the more commonly known name, has historical roots as a local name in Ayutthaya. It is derived from the term “Bangkok,” which literally means “a village of ellaocarpus tree” or “a village on a stream” due to its location near the River of Kings.
The Official Name Today
Although the official name is Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, the term Krungthep (meaning “capital city”) is widely used. The full name, when translated into English, is pronounced as:
“Krung Thep Maha Nakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yutthaya Mahadilok Phop NopharatratchaneXHRathaniwet Mahasathan Amon Phiman Awat Mahasathan Sakkarinath Ratchathani”
This translation, while rarely used in everyday life, represents the rich cultural heritage and historical significance of Bangkok.
Why Change Matters
While the government encourages the use of the official name, the name Bangkok remains deeply ingrained in the cultural psyche of both Thais and foreigners. It is a symbol of history and a reminder of the city's journey from a small village to a bustling metropolis.
For those who call Bangkok their home, Krung Thep, that is the name that carries the weight of its history and significance. Bangkok is more than just a name; it is an identity that resonates with the people of Thailand.
As the city continues to evolve, the name Bangkok will likely remain a prominent symbol of its cultural heritage. However, within the walls of Thailand, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon stands as the true name of the capital city.