Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria: Considering Unification with Austria before German Unification

Introduction

The concept of 'Great German Unification' was a popular idea among many Germans, especially in South Germany. This unification would have brought together all German states under one nation, including Austria, a choice that was more favored than Prussia among the Germans. However, this ideal was complicated by the rivalry between the two major German powers, Austria and Prussia.

The German Revolution of 1848 and the 'Lesser German Solution'

During the failed German Revolution of 1848, Prussian Premier Otto von Bismarck resolved to take control of the unification process. He proposed the 'Lesser German Solution,' which would unify most German states except for Austria. Critics called this approach the 'Great Prussian Solution.'

Prussia's victory in the German War of 1866 against most other German states, including Austria, led to the dissolution of the German Confederation. Despite this, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria remained independent, as they were not immediately phased by Prussia's military campaign.

Support for Austria and the Common Fight Against France

During the Franco-Prussian War, a common war against France, where the French were much more disliked due to past invasions and annexations, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria supported Austria's cause against Prussia. This support was not due to a desire to join Austria but rather a response to French military actions that threatened their sovereignty.

However, the prospect of unification with Austria was not seriously considered. The idea of a larger nation with more population than Austria, such as Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria together, was seen as more feasible. Conversely, Austria joining Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria would create an unusual nation, much like Pennsylvania leaving the USA and uniting with Canada via Lake Erie.

Conclusion

The idea of unification with Austria was not a serious consideration for Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. Instead, the focus was on maintaining independence while supporting Allies like Austria against Prussian dominance. The outcome of the German Wars and the subsequent political landscape made any serious alliance with Austria unnecessary and unrealistic.